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Low cost, high strength, and performance can be enhanced through heat treatment. It is usually applied to non-corrosive environments such as construction engineering and mechanical manufacturing.
Stainless steel bolts have strong corrosion resistance. Austenitic stainless steel (such as 304 and 316) also possesses high temperature resistance and weldability. It is usually applied in corrosive environments such as those in the chemical industry, shipping, and food processing.
Alloy steel is added with elements such as chromium and molybdenum to enhance its strength, high-temperature resistance and fatigue resistance.
The performance grade is marked as 14.8U, 15.8U, etc. It is formed into bainite structure through isothermal quenching, and it is lightweight with high clamping force. It is usually used in key weight-reduction scenarios such as engines and chassis.
Copper and copper alloy fasteners: With good conductivity (such as T2 brass), used in electronic equipment. Titanium alloy fasteners are lightweight and highly durable, but they are costly. They are used in medical devices or aerospace applications.
Special material bolts, due to their unique material properties and processing requirements, are widely used in high-demand industrial sectors.
Corrosion-resistant environment: In acidic or high-pressure conditions (as per NACE MR0175 standards), use duplex stainless steel (such as 2205) or nickel-based alloys (such as Inconel 718) for bolts to ensure the sealing performance of the flange connection.
High-temperature and high-pressure pipelines: The flange bolts of the heat exchanger must comply with the TEMA standard. In some scenarios, the insulation design needs to be adjusted to accommodate high-strength materials.
Extreme environmental adaptability: Aviation titanium fasteners must pass a -196℃ low-temperature test to ensure the reliability of key components such as LNG storage tanks.
Fatigue resistance: The bolts of the high-speed train bogie need to pass a temperature shock test ranging from -40℃ to 120℃. The material is carburized steel 20CrMnTi.
High-strength lightweight: The hot stamping steel B1500HS bolts are used in automotive safety components, with tensile strength exceeding 1500 MPa, enhancing the collision energy absorption capability.
Miniaturization requirement: Precision bolts of M3-M48 specifications (such as in accordance with ISO 4014 standard) are suitable for assembly of semiconductor equipment.
| Material Classification | Material Grade |
|---|---|
| Ultra High Strength Stainless Steel | XM-19、904L、254SMO、317L、347H、1.4529、25-6MO |
| Duplex Stainless Steel | F51、F53、F55、F60、329、2205、2507、S31803、S32760、1.4460、1.4462 |
| Titanium Alloy | TA 1 — TA 19, TB 2 — TB 8, TC 1 — TC 17 |
| Pure Nickel Material | Nickel200 (UNS N02200), Nickel201 (UNS N02201), Nickel270 |
| Non-magnetic Stainless Steel | 0Cr21Ni6Mn9N、0Cr16Ni22Mn9Mo2、1.4436 |
| Hastelloy | C276、C22、C59、C4、C2000、B2、B3、B4、G35、X |
| Monel | 400、404、K500、R405 |
| Inconel | 601、617、625、686、690、718、725、X750、804、840 |
| Incoloy | 20、800、800H、800HT、801、810、825、890、901、925、926 |
| Nimonic | 75、80A、86、90、95、100、105、115 |
| Aerospace Material Specification | 4676、5510、5528、5542、5592、5646、5651、5716、5726、5651、5662、5643 |
What is the difference between carbon steel bolts and stainless steel bolts?
Carbon steel bolts offer low cost and high strength, making them ideal for non-corrosive environments like construction and mechanical manufacturing. Stainless steel bolts, on the other hand, provide strong corrosion resistance and are suitable for corrosive environments such as chemical plants, marine applications, and food processing facilities.
What are ultra-high-strength (UHS) bolts and where are they used?
Ultra-high-strength bolts are graded as 14.8U, 15.8U, etc. They are formed into a bainite structure through isothermal quenching, resulting in a lightweight design with a high clamping force. They are typically used in weight-critical applications such as automotive engines and chassis components.
Which bolt material is best suited for high-temperature and high-pressure pipeline environments?
For high-temperature and high-pressure pipelines, flange bolts must comply with the TEMA standard. Alloy steel bolts with chromium and molybdenum additives, as well as nickel-based alloys like Inconel 718, are commonly selected for their superior heat resistance and strength retention at elevated temperatures.
What types of special material bolts are available for corrosion-resistant applications?
For corrosion-resistant environments — especially acidic or high-pressure conditions meeting NACE MR0175 standards — duplex stainless steels such as 2205 and 2507, ultra-high-strength stainless steels like 254SMO and 904L, and nickel-based alloys such as Hastelloy C276 and Inconel 625 are widely recommended to ensure reliable flange sealing performance.
Are titanium alloy bolts suitable for aerospace and medical applications?
Yes. Titanium alloy bolts (ranging from TA1 to TC17 grades) are lightweight, highly durable, and corrosion-resistant. They must pass stringent low-temperature tests (down to -196℃) for aerospace use, and their biocompatibility makes them an excellent choice for medical device applications, despite their higher cost compared to steel alternatives.
What bolt material is recommended for electrical insulation and PCB board applications?
PEEK (Polyether Ether Ketone) material bolts are the preferred choice for PCB board fixation and electronic insulation applications. They offer excellent high-temperature resistance up to 260℃ and outstanding electrical insulation properties, making them ideal for environments requiring low magnetic interference and non-conductive fastening solutions.
