By continuously applying elastic preload, the screws can be prevented from loosening. This is particularly suitable for vibration scenarios such as those in automotive chassis and construction machinery.

For example, the U-shaped bolts used in automotive leaf springs need to withstand tensile forces of over 800 megapascals. The material must possess high strength properties.

To prevent rusting, surface treatment processes such as galvanization or phosphating are usually required to ensure long-term durability in harsh environments.

The flat-section cylindrical helical compression spring, due to its low compression height and large compression capacity, is often used in space-limited engine valve mechanisms.

Non-equal pitch or conical helical springs eliminate resonance through variable stiffness characteristics, suitable for high-speed variable load mechanisms.